Miniaturizing and modifying natural proteins with Raygun

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10842-8Probabilistic sequence encoding from language model embeddings within a generative AI framework enables protein miniaturization, modification and augmentation while …

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10842-8

Probabilistic sequence encoding from language model embeddings within a generative AI framework enables protein miniaturization, modification and augmentation while maintaining native architecture and functional integrity.

Underdog ‘spin qubits’ leap forward in race to a useful quantum computer

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02357-zFour independent research teams report big advances in devices built with the underestimated quantum bits, including lower error rates.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02357-z

Four independent research teams report big advances in devices built with the underestimated quantum bits, including lower error rates.

Over 20,000 precolonial earthworks in the Southwest Amazonia

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10835-7Using canopy-penetrating LiDAR data, the northern part of southwestern Amazonia appears to contain as many earthworks as previously estimated for the whole of Amazonia.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10835-7

Using canopy-penetrating LiDAR data, the northern part of southwestern Amazonia appears to contain as many earthworks as previously estimated for the whole of Amazonia.

Artificial algal blooms could remove atmospheric carbon — but can they be used responsibly?

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02126-yAdding iron to the ocean to stimulate carbon-absorbing phytoplankton could have ecological consequences that reach far beyond the intervention site.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02126-y

Adding iron to the ocean to stimulate carbon-absorbing phytoplankton could have ecological consequences that reach far beyond the intervention site.

Climate benefit and ecological cost trade-offs for ocean iron fertilization

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10795-yA process-rich global biogeochemical model is used to determine the trade-offs between carbon dioxide removal efficiency and ecosystem impacts in ten ocean ocean bio…

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10795-y

A process-rich global biogeochemical model is used to determine the trade-offs between carbon dioxide removal efficiency and ecosystem impacts in ten ocean ocean biomes following ocean iron fertilization.

Amazonian earthwork survey indicates ancient population was much larger than thought

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02321-xAerial laser-scanning data reveal that, from ad 100 to ad 300, an area spanning less than 3% of the Greater Amazonia region probably supported between 1.25 million a…

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02321-x

Aerial laser-scanning data reveal that, from ad 100 to ad 300, an area spanning less than 3% of the Greater Amazonia region probably supported between 1.25 million and 3 million people and contained more than 20,000 human-made earthworks. These findings call for a re-evaluation of the density of pre-colonial Amazonian populations and the influence these civilizations had on present-day tropical soils and forests.

Photocatalytic water splitting by 2D polymer with out-of-plane carrier flow

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10866-0A strategy using polymeric carbon nitride crystals induces out-of-plane carrier migration by means of internal electric fields applied on facet-selective nanofilms p…

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10866-0

A strategy using polymeric carbon nitride crystals induces out-of-plane carrier migration by means of internal electric fields applied on facet-selective nanofilms placed on polymer photocatalysts, increasing the apparent quantum efficiency for overall water splitting.

In situ structures of plant photosystem supercomplexes

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10847-3The cryo‑EM structure of the Oryza sativa photosystem II–light harvesting complex II supercomplex in its native membrane reveals the intact plant photosystem archite…

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10847-3

The cryo‑EM structure of the Oryza sativa photosystem II–light harvesting complex II supercomplex in its native membrane reveals the intact plant photosystem architecture, retaining physiologically relevant proteins and lipids that are otherwise lost during purification.

Intestinal stem cells count to eight divisions to maintain cell ratios

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02128-wIn the fly gut, stem cells keep the balance of cell types by undergoing eight rounds of cell division to form absorptive cells, then one round to form secretory cells.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02128-w

In the fly gut, stem cells keep the balance of cell types by undergoing eight rounds of cell division to form absorptive cells, then one round to form secretory cells.

Octahedral-coordinated Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> for water electrolysis in acid

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10851-7A new trigonal-phase Co3O4 manufactured using a vacuum-mediated molten-alkali mechanochemical method is described, demonstrating edge-shared octahedral coordination …

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10851-7

A new trigonal-phase Co3O4 manufactured using a vacuum-mediated molten-alkali mechanochemical method is described, demonstrating edge-shared octahedral coordination and achieving lower overpotential than spinel-type Co3O4 in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction, with reduced dissolution of cobalt.